Product off Human Nutrition, Agency out-of Food Science and you will People Diet, Agricultural College or university of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (An excellent.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n https://brightwomen.net/fi/puolalainen-nainen/ = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step one. Addition
Beverages regarding the kinds of teas, coffees, dairy, juices, carbonated drinks, diet beverages, energy beverages and liquor can be found in a big and you will expanding amount of alternatives. Diversity matches style choice, health conditions, and you may lifestyle means, incase various products are available, it is likely to come to euhydration .
Drinks contribute everything 25%–50% out of intake of water [2,step three,4], hence he is essential for conference every day water needs and having euhydration. Moisture might have been of this fix regarding typical physical and cognitive attributes .
But not, it has been contended one to products contribute notably into the increasing carrying excess fat costs all over the world [6,7], due to their time content [8,9,10]. In certain training, Glucose Sweetened Products (SSB) usage could have been of this weight gain in kids and you may adults , while you are proof you to coming down SSBs usually reduce the danger of carrying excess fat and you may associated infection such as for example diabetes might have been viewed once the compelling . Time consumption regarding beverages has increased substantially for the past forty years from the up to 222 calories for every individual daily .
Nevertheless, drinks about certain groups don’t lead equally to opportunity consumption . The power content of one’s drink as well as application designs may indicate if not, i.age., some caloric drinks is generally consumed barely therefore contributing very little to help you everyday times consumption. It’s been contended one replacing sweetened caloric beverages with water will help cure total opportunity consumption for the over weight users . However, use of sweetened caloric products is an elaborate thing that can be considered beyond the caloric contribution plus the new perspective out of fat loss activities .
Also, simultaneously to help you eating consumption, various activities such as for example seasonality, physical activity levels and you may sex can impact the latest assortment into the drink choice and you can sum in order to full time intake. These types of activities have not been totally examined; subsequent degree in this region usually elucidate the present day matter-of energy intake from fat reduction sources and you will out of beverages particularly.
Into the an earlier studies conducted inside the Greece, utilising the H2o Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, i discovered that into the 984 people, 24% away from intake of water arises from drinks . Discover an unequivocal must subsequent complex during these findings, elucidating the brand new sum off products so you’re able to total energy consumption and balance.
